Download help crotalaria spectabilis tsn 26580 taxonomy and nomenclature. Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life. Pdf the genus crotalaria fabaceae in alabama researchgate. Shealy, animal husbandman department of animal husbandry florida agricultural experi. Three jersey cows were used in the haypalatability trials with eight species of crotalaria from october 21 to november 16, 1932. A few native and several exotic nonnative species of crotalaria may be found in the coastal southeast. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life d i s c o v e r l i f e home all living things idnature guides global mapper albums labels search. This map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts and records obtained from usda plants database. Recently, the evidence of hepatotoxic effects linked to use of c. Rattlebox crotalaria sagittalis illinois wildflowers. Extraction of monocrotaline from crotalaria spectabilis. The international legume database and information service or ildis.
It has been introduced as a crop plant in many tropical areas and has. Crotalaria spectabilis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Abstract an annual shrub, found in the southern united states as a cover crop, called crotalaria spectabilis, bears stems, foliage, and seeds containing the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline which produces experimental pulmonary hypertension. Crotalaria spectabilis synonyms, crotalaria spectabilis pronunciation, crotalaria spectabilis translation, english dictionary definition of crotalaria spectabilis. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Duo to the similarity in nomenclature, the commercial.
However, two medicinal plants species, thunbergia laurifolia and crotalaria spectabilis share this name. Showy rattlebox crotalaria spectabilis is an erect, summer annual that is found worldwide, including throughout the south eastern united states. Crotalaria spectabilis was rejected entirely by 5 dif ferent cows allowed access to the pasture during one or another of 5 tours. Crotalaria is monophyletic and most closely related to african bolusia five species from which it diverged. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Their poisonous qualities were discovered in connection with animal stock loss, and development was then halted, but several persist as common noxious weeds. The diseases caused have many names including walkabout, kimberley horse disease, stywesiekte and. Leaves simple, elliptic, rhombicobovate, or oblanceolate, 5. Stipules acicular, very minute, persistent or caducous.
International with a presence in asia, africa, australia and the pacific, the caribbean, and the united states. Plants profile for crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox. This wildflower is a summer annual about 612 tall that branches occasionally. We assessed n transfer from belowground parts compared to whole plants of two legumes, crotalaria spectabilis and sesbania rostrata. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life. See status, confidence level, source for definitions. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. This paper reports the pyrrolizidine alkaloid composition and content of 24 crotalaria taxa from. Gambia pea crotalaria goreensis invades disturbed open woodlands, grasslands, floodplains and river banks and can prevent the regeneration of native species in these habitats.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. On the basis of preliminary experiments, some crotalaria species from senegal were investigated to determine 1 their susceptibility to meloidogyne javanica and m. Overall solubilities of the plant material in the supercritical fluid phase were as high as 1. Stems terete, thick, densely rusty appressed pubescent. It is poisonous to livestock, and contaminates human food. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about crotolaria species, rattlebox, showy rattlepod, cats bell crotalaria spectabilis supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles da. Usually bright yellow in crotalaria brevidens, the calyx glabrous versus often puberulous, and the fruit diameter 1. There are many species and most of them are poisonous. The diverse crotalaria taxa present in these pastures include varieties, subspecies, and chemotypes not previously chemically examined. Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox this plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid of chemotherapeutic interest, was successfully extracted from the crushed seeds of crotalaria spectabilis using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol mixtures. It is an annual herbaceous plant that blooms from august to november.
Showy rattlebox can be poisonous to livestock, particularly when. Rattlebox crotalaria sagittalis bean family fabaceae description. Dix arnold, assistant in dairy investigations and a. Monocrotaline at concentrations of 20 or 30 mgkg of food is. Each of the legumes was grown approximately for 3 months in a 12000a wagner pot filled with soil media, and then the roots alone r. Nome cientifico crotalaria juncea familia fabaceae leguminosa caracteristicas da especie. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. Plant details information about crotalaria spectabilis plant. Crotalaria spectabilis a few native and several exotic nonnative species of crotalaria may be found in the coastal southeast. The structure of monocrotaline, the alkaloid in crotalaria spectabilis. Pdf reproductive biology of crotalaria spectabilis roth.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids occur in a large number of plants, notably the genera crotalaria figure 76. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Africa is the continent with the majority of crotalaria species approximately 400 species, which are mainly found in damp grassland, especially in floodplains, depressions and along edges of swamps and. Fast and reliable detection of toxic crotalaria spectabilis. The structure of monocrotaline, the alkaloid in crotalaria spectabilis and. Its original native range is unclear, probably including tropical asia, africa and australia. They all contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which cause damage in liver, lungs and in pigs in the kidney. Monocrotalineinduced pulmonary arteritis in rats sciencedirect.
Crotalaria spectabilis erect subshrub having purpletinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle. Download the pdf to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. A shrub or undershrub with branches usually glabrous. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in crotalaria taxa from northern. Department of entomology and nematology, university of florida, p. Crotalaria spectabilis definition of crotalaria spectabilis. Crotalaria spectabilis is an erect, muchbranched annual to perennial plant with stems that can become more or less woody and persist. An annual shrub, found in the southern united states as a cover crop. Crotalaria spectabilis florida natural areas inventory. Crotalaria, a new legume for the south by roland mckia senior agronomist, and o.
Crescent sunn crotalaria juncea sunn hemp is a high quality forage cut for hay, it is also well suited for soil improvement or green manure crop. Crotalaria spectabilis rattlebox, showy crotalaria. However, little is known about the contribution of the belowground parts alone. Fast and reliable detection of toxic crotalaria spectabilis roth. Duo to the similarity in nomenclature, the commercial products labeled as rang chuet could be any of them. Large and showy, bracteates, bracts one at the base of each pedicel, and 2 higher up. With some 700 species, the pantropical crotalaria is among the. Crotalaria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family fabaceae subfamily faboideae commonly known as rattlepods. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding.
For more multimedia, look at crotalaria spectabilis on wikimedia commons. Some, like the showy rattlebox or crotalaria spectabilis, are regarded as noxious weeds throughout their range in the united states. Seed coat impermeability and germination of showy crotalaria. Although it is nonnative to the united states, it was introduced to the southeast united states from the tropics.
Performance of poultry fed various levels of crotalaria seed. Crotalaria spectabilis, commonly known as the showy crotalaria, is a flowering plant in the fabaceae or legume family. Crotalaria definition of crotalaria by the free dictionary. The genus includes about 500 species of herbaceous plants and shrubs. Fabaceaeleguminosae subfam papilionoideae citation. Crotalaria retusa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by various common names including devilbean, rattleweed, shack shack, and wedgeleaf rattlepod. Past research efforts have shown that the soft, lignified fibers produced in the stem of sunn hemp could be utilized in the manufacturing of pulp and paper, and more recent efforts have indicated that other potential products can be developed from these fibers. Pulmonary hypertension with resulting right ventricular hypertrophy has been produced in rats by administration of crotalaria spectabilis seeds or extracted monocrotaline pyrrole and by chronic or intermittent exposure to hypobaric pressure. Oblanceolate, obtuse or retuse, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, base cuneate, petioles short, stipules subulate. Cultivation 4 soil and harvestingmoisture requirements 4 palatability to livestock. The record derives from ildis data supplied on 20100714 which reports it as an accepted name record 6024 mirror.
Africa is the continent with the majority of crotalaria species approximately 400 species, which are mainly found in damp grassland, especially in. Enlow, associate agronomist, office of forage crops and diseases, bureau of plant industry contents page introduction use 1 general description time2 climatic requirements. This species can best be distinguished by the colour of the flower pale yellow or creamish vs. Schmitt department of plant and environmental protection sciences, 3190 maile way, university of hawaii, honolulu, hi 968222279, u. Showy rattlebox crotalaria spectabilis, roth row crop. The genus name crotalaria is derived from the greek crotalon, which means castanet and refers to the rattling sound the seeds produce when the dry, inflated pods are shaken toxic components crotalaria species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids pas. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. It was introduced as a soil building cover crop on sandy soils. The flowers of crotalaria spectabilis, exhibit two types of stamens, short filaments with long narrow anthers and long. Crotalaria spectabilis roth is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus crotalaria family leguminosae. This annual weed prefers open, sunny sites and is found in disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides and open pine forests. With some 700 species, the pantropical crotalaria is among the angiosperms largest genera.
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